An Analysis of Gender and Power Dynamics in "The Yellow Wallpaper"

Gender and power dynamics are central themes in The Yellow Wallpaper. The story explores the psychological effects of a deeply patriarchal society where women are subordinated to the control of men, even in matters related to their health. The protagonist, a woman suffering from what is likely postpartum depression, is forced into a passive, dependent role by her husband, John. John, a physician, is presented as the authoritative figure in the household, dictating not only her medical care but also her daily activities. Through this imbalance of power, Gilman critiques the social structures that treated women as subservient and incapable of making decisions for themselves.

From the outset, it is clear that the narrator has little control over her life. Her husband insists on taking her to a remote summer house to rest, despite her objections. He forbids her from engaging in intellectual activities such as writing or reading, claiming that such activities will worsen her condition. John’s patronizing attitude is evident throughout the story as he constantly refers to his wife as a “little girl” and makes decisions for her without consulting her wishes. The narrator, in turn, begins to lose her sense of self, becoming more dependent on her husband’s authority and, consequently, more psychologically fragile.

The power dynamic between the narrator and her husband is emblematic of the gendered expectations of the time. Women were expected to be passive, obedient, and dependent on men, and their autonomy was often undermined by male authority figures. John’s treatment of his wife is not malicious; rather, it reflects the prevailing belief that women were naturally weaker and needed protection and guidance. This paternalistic attitude, however, prevents the narrator from seeking the help she truly needs and exacerbates her mental health issues. Instead of being given the opportunity to express herself and take an active role in her treatment, she is confined to a passive role that reinforces her sense of powerlessness.

In conclusion, the gender and power dynamics in The Yellow Wallpaper highlight the oppressive structures that governed women’s lives in the late 19th century. John’s dominance over his wife’s decisions and his dismissal of her feelings and desires illustrate the broader societal expectations that limited women’s autonomy. By depicting the psychological toll of these power dynamics, Gilman critiques the ways in which patriarchy subjugates women and undermines their mental health.