The Absence of the Pregnancy as a Central Topic: Hemingway’s Technique of Omission

In Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway uses his Iceberg Theory—also known as the Theory of Omission—to convey deeper meanings through what is left unsaid. The pregnancy, which is the story’s central issue, is never discussed openly, and the word "abortion" is never mentioned directly. Hemingway’s use of omission and indirect communication in the dialogue serves to underscore the emotional tension between the characters and highlights their inability to confront their reality.

The Power of What’s Left Unsaid

By avoiding direct references to the pregnancy and abortion, Hemingway allows the reader to infer the significance of the situation through subtle dialogue and symbolism. The conversation between the American man and Jig is filled with evasive language, creating a sense of unease and tension. This technique of omission mirrors the couple’s emotional distance from the issue and their inability to confront the gravity of the situation. Hemingway’s decision to leave key details unspoken forces the reader to engage with the subtext and silences in the conversation.

Subtext and Emotional Tension

The lack of direct communication about the pregnancy serves to heighten the emotional intensity of the story. While the characters never state their true feelings, the subtext is palpable. Through body language, tone, and the use of indirect comments, the characters’ emotions are revealed, making the story rich with implied meaning. Hemingway’s use of omission suggests that sometimes the most powerful emotions are those that are not expressed in words.

The Effect of Omission on Character Development

The absence of direct discussion about the pregnancy also reflects the emotional state of the characters. The American man’s attempt to minimize the situation contrasts with Jig’s reluctance to fully voice her concerns, revealing their emotional disconnection. Their inability to address the issue head-on reflects deeper issues in their relationship—namely, their failure to communicate openly and their inability to understand each other’s perspectives. The lack of clarity about the decision only adds to the uncertainty and confusion that both characters feel.

Conclusion

In Hills Like White Elephants, Hemingway’s technique of omission is integral to the story’s emotional impact. The unspoken nature of the pregnancy and the abortion highlights the tension between the characters, allowing readers to infer the psychological depth of their interaction. Through his minimalist style, Hemingway creates a powerful narrative about communication, emotional restraint, and the consequences of not confronting difficult decisions directly.