Wharton’s Critique of Social Norms: How The Age of Innocence Reveals the Consequences of Repressed Desire

In Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence, the author critiques the rigid social norms of New York society, particularly the consequences of repressed desire. Set in the late 19th century, the novel portrays a society that values outward appearances, social propriety, and adherence to strict codes of behavior. Within this environment, personal desires, especially those involving love and passion, are often repressed to maintain one’s social standing.

Newland Archer, the novel’s protagonist, exemplifies the internal conflict caused by social norms. As a successful lawyer engaged to May Welland, he outwardly follows the expectations of his class. However, his growing attraction to Ellen Olenska, who has separated from her abusive husband, forces him to confront his desires. Ellen represents a world outside the suffocating norms of high society, where emotions can be freely expressed and personal fulfillment can be sought. Newland’s infatuation with Ellen highlights his desire for freedom from the social constraints that govern his life.

Yet, Newland’s duty to May and his family’s expectations prevent him from pursuing a life of passion and authenticity. Wharton critiques this repressive environment by illustrating the devastating effects of social conformity on the characters. Newland’s decision to marry May, despite his emotional attachment to Ellen, leads to a life of quiet dissatisfaction. He sacrifices his personal happiness to conform to the societal ideals of family and honor.

Through Newland’s story, Wharton demonstrates how repressed desire can lead to a sense of emptiness and regret. The novel ultimately suggests that adhering too strictly to societal norms can prevent individuals from experiencing true emotional fulfillment and personal growth, making it a powerful critique of the consequences of social repression.